Binder,Into the Temple Courts, 403. People in Nazareth had heard about Jesus. is there a chinese version of ex. Jennie Ebeling --Department of Archaeology and Art History, University of Evansville, Copyright 2000-2023 The Bible and Interpretation| All Rights Reserved |The University of Arizona | Developed bySBS Tech 182, 239-240, 258-260. Stanley E. Porter and Andrew W. Pitts (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2013), 523-551 (550); cf. Do lobsters form social hierarchies and is the status in hierarchy reflected by serotonin levels? Abode.--The word is better translated lodged in Matthew 21:12.Strictly speaking, it meant to lodge, not in a room, but in the court-yard of a house; and so was used generally, in military language, for a "bivouac." https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/rabbi-teacher-preacher-judge-but-not-priest/, http://www.catholicmannight.com/uncategorized/jesus-christ-divine-rabbi/, from your pastor, priest, or other trustworthy counselor, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Although he was born in Bethlehem, he grew up in Nazareth. Therefore, it's good to study what He had in mind and how it can apply to our lives today. [14]John S. Kloppenborg Verbin, Dating Theodotos (CIJII 1404),JJS51, no. All rights reserved. John 18:20 Jesus answered him, I spake openly to the world; I ever taught in the synagogue, and in the temple, whither the Jews always resort; and in secret have I said nothing. The architecture of synagogue buildings reflects their communal functions. Mass conversions to Christ (Christianity) change a culture. It was (and still is) the custom among the Jews that each one should read the Hebrew books of Holy Scripture in the synagogue on the Sabbath-day, both that he might learn the law of God from it, and also that he might be stirred up to the worship, love, and service of God. When the people began to disagree with Gods message, they got mad at Jesus and tried to throw him off of a cliff. All four gospels report that Jesus visited Capernaum in Galilee and often attended the synagogue there: . 13:54), healed in them (Luke 4:33-35; Mark 3:1-5), and debated the interpretation of Torah in them (John 6:28-59). They were glad that Jesus was a Jew like them. (How to choose the best learning activities for my teaching situation) Anders Runesson,The Origins of the Synagogue: A Socio-Historical Study, CBNTS 37 (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 2001), 29-37; Anders Runesson, Donald D. Binder, and Birger Olsson,The Ancient Synagogue From Its Origins to 200 C.E. Apologies to the affable Chris Keith for this oversight. God wants everyone to learn about him. One day we will see the Lord face-to-face and enjoy His presence forever. Jesus stood up picked up the scroll where the Word of God was written. Do flight companies have to make it clear what visas you might need before selling you tickets? The last time that He had visited the city (Luke 4:16-30), He had entered the synagogue, quoted Isaiah 61:1-2, declared that He was the Messiah, and then the people attempted to murder Him by throwing Him off a cliff. [2]For lists of terms used to refer to ancient synsagogues, see, e.g., Ralph J. KornerThe Origin and Meaning of Ekklsia in the Early Jesus Movement, AJEC 98 (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2017), 86-93; Runesson, Origins, 171-174; Anders Runesson, Persian Imperial Politics and the Origins of the Synagogue, inThe Ancient Synagogue: From Its Origins Until 200 C.E., ed. Current scholarship on ancient synagogues has shown that there were two types of institutions that were designated by synagogue terms. April 24, 2014 by Ian Paul. Above all, the Witnesses assemble with the same objective that lovers of truth have always held in commonto draw close to God.James 4:8. When we situate Jesus ministry within what we know of early synagogues and their functions, we can infer that Jesus teaching and proclamation would have been open to discussion and debate for the assembly to decide whether to accept or reject it, just like any other proposition put forward in a public synagogue. Central to Daily Life So central to daily Jewish life was the synagogue that it, along with other buildings attached to it or located in the same complex of buildings, served a variety of purposes. Cf. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. [6]See, for example, Philip S. Alexander, Jewish Law in the Time of Jesus: Towards a Clarification of the Problem, inLaw and Religion: Essays on the Place of the Law in Israel and Early Christianity, ed. This is an inspirational and uplifting insight into how Jesus taught, and ultimately, proving that his authorisation came from God: Jesus Christ is the Divine Rabbi (Teacher). Public synagogues are perhaps best described as town halls with Torah.[4]This captures their jointly religious and political nature. Jesus read from the book of Isaiah. In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. 2.215-219);m. Mak. Conversion to Christ changes the individual. Tom Holmn and Stanley E. Porter; 4 vols. Rachel Hachlili,Ancient Synagogues Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research(Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2013), 151; Jodi Magness,The Archaeology of the Holy Land(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 291; Runesson, Origins, 366-367. At the Synagogue in Nazareth. How many times did Jesus visit Jerusalem? They knew that he was a preacher and that lots of people liked him. Jesus spent much time in synagogues (Matt. In the Gospel of John, Jesus delivers the well-known Bread of Life discourse in the synagogue at Capernaum (6:25-71). Gods message and work of liberation (redemption) was for all people. Jesus Silences His Enemies and the "Olivet Discourse", 29. Other synagogues were public. [6]Indeed, one wonders whether religion can really be extricated from daily life in early Judaism at all. When did Jesus first preach in the temple? Roman Catholic theologian John Chijioke Iwe argues that the Markan pericope marks the beginning of the last year of the three years of the public ministry of Jesus. It seemed everyone was going to push him off of the cliff! The lack of a sacred fire in the second temple is heightened by the Chronicler, who adds to 1 Kings that fire came down from heaven upon Solomon's altar to indicate divine approval of Solomon's temple (2 Chronicles 7:12 Chronicles 7:1) The author of 2 Maccabees 1:10-2:18 tried to show that the second temple did have the sacred fire. It was definitely a place for "wild living," and it had plenty of pigs that needed to be fed. Worship at the Synagogue The worship program at the synagogue included praise, prayer, the reading of Scripture, as well as teaching and preaching. Jesus' concern for Israel was shown in the instructions to the 12 disciples as He sent them out on their first preaching mission. Mark 1:39 specifically mentions that Jesus was proclaiming the message in synagogues. Does it Matter That I Didn't Keep My Goals for Lent? Children sometimes dont have him at home because he is preaching somewhere or helping someone. A. Jesus ' First Visit to Nazareth (Near the Beginning of the Galilean Ministry) Scripture: Luke 4:13-22. In the lesson today we will be talking about a time when Jesus preached in the town of Nazareth. Chapter 4. Voluntary contributions by all, wealthy and poor alike, kept the building maintained and in good repair. Here is a brief extract from a Jewish article on the evolution of the Rabbi, showing how authority to preach in the Synagogue was granted orally during the first century: For most of Jewish history, the primary qualification for this title was sufficient learning to render decisions in Jewish law. Jesus instructed on divorce in Capernaum ( Matthew 19:1-12 , Mark 1:1-10 ). Priests and Levites would then read portions of the law. In the morning Simon Peter had preached on "The Kingdom.". Did Jesus engage himself in any profession before the commencement of his Ministry? We may picture a room full of young students learning to read the large letters written on a wax tablet by a teacher. Upon arriving in a new community the Apostle Paul (formerly known as Saul of Tarsus) would show up at the synagogue and request to speak. Matthew 13:53 to 58 and Mark 6:1 to 6 give the account of Jesus' visit to the Nazareth synagogue at the end of His ministry in Galilee. Click here for Jesus Preaches in Nazareth in A4 size paper 60-61), leading many of them to abandon his movement (v. 66). Learn how your comment data is processed. Mk 1:35-45 During the winter of 27/28AD, Jesus goes to the nearby villages of Galilee, preaching and casting out demons. Could very old employee stock options still be accessible and viable. The New Testament mentions synagogues over 60 times, largely in connection with the ministry of Jesus and the apostles. How do you understand Jesus's reference to the Sidonian widow and the Syrian leper? Although Judiths narrative is most likely intended to be fictional, the depiction of the gathering is probably a realistic reflection of public synagogue gatherings during the Second Temple period. For example, Acts 6:9 mentions the synagogue of the freedmen, which was probably an association synagogue in Jerusalem belonging to a group of former slaves. This reconstruction is based on a plan of the first-century Gamla Synagogue, Synagogue schools taught boys from about age 6 to 13, The Watchtower Announcing Jehovahs Kingdom1961, The Watchtower Announcing Jehovahs Kingdom2010, The SynagogueWhere Jesus and His Disciples Preached. 2 (2000): 243-280. The people started pushing Jesus and telling him he had to leave. Do you think he went to sport? But perhaps the situation was not as strict as Josephus would have us believe. He said, "You must obey them and do everything they tell you. Why did the Soviets not shoot down US spy satellites during the Cold War? What was this message? [14]Even the more modest claim that no synagogue buildings dated to the time of the Second Temple have been found in Galilee,[15]where the Gospels describe Jesus as most active in synagogues, cannot be sustained in light of the discovery in 2009 of the early Roman period synagogue building at Magdala in Galilee. Luke 4:23, where Jesus, speaking in the Nazareth synagogue, refers to "what . He is recognized as a great teacher by the scribes/Pharisees (Matt 8:19; 9:11; 12:38), the chief priests (Luke 20:21) and the Sadducees (Matt 22:23-24). and stood. What is the best way to deprotonate a methyl group? He finishes the prophecy - one that Jewish people had read for nearly 700 years - by identifying himself as the one spoken of by Isaiah. One of the basic assumptions most Christian have about Jews in the first century is that they kept separate from the Gentiles. Jesus was proclaiming a time when God would make all things whole and all things right. Before he left to be baptized by John a little over a year ago, Jesus was a carpenter here. 21:14.) If you are referring to the two times Jesus 'cleansed the temple' by driving out the sellers and overturning their tables, (John 2.15 & Luke 19.45), he did this according to his objection when he . Certainly, it was distant in its values and beliefs. And before they can believe in the Lord, they must hear about him. Jesus feeds the 5,000. Then something amazing happened. A clear instance in Matthew of Jesus' outreach beyond the Jews is His interaction with the Roman centurion: Matthew 8:5-13 (RSV) As he entered Caper'na-um, a centurion came forward to him . This discourse, as a whole, is found . Saul was a Jew and a Roman citizen, born in the Diaspora and educated in Jerusalem at the feet of Gamaliel (Acts 22:3 . Does Jesus' public reading of the Scriptures imply that he had any authority within the religious community? The gospelthe good newsis that the . Their anticipation rises as Jesus . . Acceptable comments policy for Christianity Stack Exchange. All four gospels report that Jesus visited Capernaum in Galilee and often attended the synagogue there: The exorcism performed in the synagogue is recounted in Mark 1:2128 and Luke 4:3137. Matthew 4:23 - And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people. One Sabbath Jesus was invited to speak at the synagogue in Nazareth. Such schools were an important reason why ancient Jewish society was literate, even the common people being familiar with the Scriptures. Some believe it was about the time of the exile of the Jews to Babylon (607-537 B.C.E. Jesus in Capernaum. to Contents List. Our historical understanding of Jesus and the aims of his ministry should thus be properly contextualized and informed by current research on ancient synagogues. This is what John the Baptist did for his cousin Jesus Christ. Surprisingly little of the actual content of Jesus teaching in synagogues is preserved by the evangelists, who prefer to simply say that Jesus was teaching without relating what he taught. He also meets the Pharisee, Nicodemus (Jn 3:1) [8] Jesus leaves for the countryside of Judea where his disciples baptise believers (Jn 3:22) . Jewish law is the focus of many passages in the Gospels. The signature and most important function of public synagogues was the public reading and interpretation of Jewish scripture, especially the Torah. Even if it wasn't His turn to be reader, wouldn't've someone else read exactly the same verses (. Click here to download these illustrations and slideshow. God's Message is given to His Messengers many times to prepare the way for His Son's appearance. They were proud of Jesus and were glad that he was from Nazareth. (That is, it was about a year earlier that Jesus had left to be baptized by John; as far as the record goes, He had not returned since.) Association synagogues, much like Greco-Romancollegia, belonged to particular groups within a given city or town, and as such were semi-public. I have heard the suggestion that the passage Jesus read was the regular lesson for that week. He wore tzitzit (tassles) on His clothing (Luke 8:44; Matthew 14:36) to serve as a reminder of the commandments (Numbers 15:37-39). f. Women were not directly involved in the administration of a synagogue . He shapes the situation, not things happening by chance, including whatever happening in the synagogue. the nights, the words pointing to the mode in which the week was spent from the first day to the evening of the fifth. The miracle was so amazing that those who saw it said, "What kind of words . See Dina Avshalom-Gorni and Arfan Najar, Migdal,Hadashot Arkheologiyot125 (2013): n.p., online:http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2304. . He frequently taught and preached in synagogues throughout the land (Matthew 4:23; Matthew 9:35; Mark 1:39; Luke 4:44). Don't confuse it. But Jesus escaped. Call in the Witnesses - I Corinthians 15. Synagogue. Second . He observed Succoth, or the feast of tabernacles (John 7:2, 10) and went up to Jerusalem (John 7:14) as required in the Torah. As we have seen, understanding early synagogues can shed light on the aims of the historical Jesus. God had given the Law to encourage the Israelites to love him and to love others ( Mark 12:30 - 31 ). Moreover, an inscription dated to before 70 C.E. His relatives, Zechariah and Elizabeth, were also Torah-observant Jews (Luke 1:6). The verse tells of the Messiahs ministry of preaching and healingto meet every human need. Map - Galilee Area where Jesus Preached and Healed During Much of His Three Year Ministry, c AD27-30. Jesus answered, I have spoken openly to the world; I have always taught in synagogues and in the temple, where all the Jews come together. He has the power of God. And before they can believe in the Lord, they must hear about him. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. Stephen K. Catto,Reconstructing the First-Century Synagogue: A Critical Analysis of Current Research, LNTS 363 (London and New York: T&T Clark, 2007)199-201; Lee I. Levine,The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years, 2nd ed. The people were all so amazed that they asked each other, "What is this? Another synagogue building dated by the excavators to the late first or early second century C.E. The main purpose of the synagogue, though, was to provide a setting for regular worship. How does the Catholic Church explain the differences in the verses of Lk 4:18 vis-a-vis Isiah 61:1. And what were those houses of worship like back in Jesus day? Sorry, there was an error loading the video. During Jesus' time, there was even a synagogue within the Temple itself. For the first time in his ministry, Jesus preached at his home synagogue. Likewise, in the Septuagint, Susannas trial is explicitly set in a synagogue (LXX Sus 28), and is apparently settled by the court of public opinion. top. 356-358; Thomas Kazen,Scripture, Interpretation, or Authority? Following that, a section of the Prophets was read in Hebrew with an interpreter to recite it in the common tongue. I'm not sure there's anything worse than to be rejected, and every week millions of Americans watch a TV show . Some scholars, especially in the 1990s, argued that synagogue buildings did not exist during the Second Temple period,[11]with some also claiming that what the New Testament calls synagogues were nothing more than informal gatherings that met outdoors or in houses. The Pharisees were leaders among God's people. Like Paul, Jesus also had the necessary credentials to teach in the Synagogue as a Rabbi: Jesus was a Jew: The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham (Matthew 1:1). Divine intervention, though not explicitly spelt out, is what I see in this chapter. . Have you come to destroy us? Travelers were sometimes put up in rooming facilities in the synagogue complex. Does the Pandemic Still Affect Church Attendance? Click here for visual aids and story-telling methods. Its traditional functions are reflected in three Hebrew synonyms for synagogue: bet ha-tefilla ("house of prayer"), bet ha-kneset ("house of assembly"), and bet ha-midrash ("house of study"). Jesus was recognized as a rabbi and invited to participate in the Sabbath service. These buildings were designed to accommodate larger public gatherings in a way that domestic structures were not. Third, He read from a scroll. In other narratives, Jesus is not able to persuade the assembly. So we can picture Jesus unrolling the scroll with his left hand while rolling it up with his right until he found the passage he sought. First, the meeting took place on the Sabbath (Saturday). Jesus was addressed as Rabbi which means my teacher (Matthew 26:49). He unrolled the scroll and read from it. Luke directly identifies the "good news of the kingdom of God" as the message proclaimed by Jesus in synagogues (Luke 4:43), and Matthew 4:23 and 9:35 specifically state that Jesus was "proclaiming the good news of the kingdom" in relation to his synagogue activity. @thedarkwanderer Do readers get to choose what to read? It is possible that the "distant" country Jesus referred to in his parable of the prodigal son was the Decapolis (Luke 15:11-32). Whether in Nazareth, the town where he was reared, or in Capernaum, the city that came to be his home base, or in any of the towns and villages that he visited during the busy three and a half years of his ministry, Jesus often chose the synagogue as the place to preach and teach about Gods Kingdom. Later on, after John was arrested, Jesus went into Galilee, where he preached God's Good News. The Torah was applied to aspects of life as diverse as marriage contracts (Tob 1:8; 7:12-13), battle plans (1 Macc 3:48), observance of the Sabbath (1 Macc 2:34-41), and criminal justice (Sus 62). The Jews got very angry. Moreover, incorporating our current knowledge of ancient synagogues into the study of the historical Jesus helps to further contextualize Jesus within early Palestinian Judaism. [10]A discussion surrounding the identification of this building as a synagogue emerged in articles on this very site. [1]Cf. synagogue, also spelled synagog, in Judaism, a community house of worship that serves as a place not only for liturgical services but also for assembly and study. His primary title with His disciples was Rabbi or Teacher (John 1:38; Mark 4:38). Their Kingdom Hall meetings thus have some features in common with those ancient synagogue meetings. It was customary to stand while reading Scripture but to sit while teaching. Jesus began to rise in popularity as he preached more and more. Both of Jesus' parents had "done everything required by the Law of the Lord" (Luke 2:39). From the commentary on St. Luke 4:16 by Conelius Lapide, S.J. [11]E.g., Richard A. Horsley,Galilee: History, Politics, People(Valley Forge: Trinity Press International, 1995), 222-237. In Luke 4:16-30 is the story of Jesus going to the town he was raised in and preaching . The Jews in the synagogue really liked what Jesus was preaching. They functioned as courts of law, community centres, and political institutions. Jesus acknowledges His role, saying, You call me Teacher and Lord; and you are right, for so I am (John 13:13). People took exception to the Scripture passage he chose - it was Isaiah 61:1-2: The Spirit of the Lord God is upon me, because the Lord has anointed me to bring good tidings to the oppressed; he has sent me to bind up the broken-hearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and release to the prisoners; to proclaim the year of the Lord's . Write cards to the preachers family. [13]An excellent summary evaluation of the evidence can be found in Stephen K. Cattos article, Synagogues in the New Testament, on this same website:https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/catto357906l. Jesus went to many places to tell people about God. Jeremiah 23:5-6 He would be David's kingly heir. The above passages from the synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) are all summary statements, descriptions presented by the narrator that are intended to summarize the basic character of Jesus Galilean ministry. Originally, the word for synagogue simply meant assembly or congregation. It was used that way in the Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures. The number of distinct words in a sentence, Applications of super-mathematics to non-super mathematics. The point of parables, while often unstated, is understood by the disciples of a rabbi. In any case, his time to die had not yet come (John 7:30). Provide paper to do this with in worship. Romans 8:29-30 - "For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren. This move was a fulfillment of prophecy (see Isaiah 9:1 - 2 and Matthew 4:13 - 16). At 12, Jesus amazed the rabbis in the Temple (Luke 2:46-47). It was the custom to allow visiting teachers to speak to the congregation with the special invitation of the synagogue leaders. When finished with His reading Jesus sat down to teach, another synagogue tradition. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. In virtually every town, the synagogue also featured a school, often within the same building. Wright --University of Arizona, Center for Judaic Studies Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? We must remember that public synagogues represented the town, and that the decisions made in local synagogue assemblies were thus made for the town as a whole. "The Kingdom of God is near! For example, it was in the city's Synagogue, on the Sabbath, that Jesus commanded a demon to leave the person it possessed. They were political institutions, the premiere local official public assemblies and public assembly places for the town as a whole. They did not want anyone but the Jews to hear about God. "He taught daily in the temple." (Luke 19:47.) The Synoptic Gospels in Matthew 21, Mark 11 and Luke 19, have Jesus doing a second cleansing of the Temple on this occasion. The bible said that Jesus just walked right through the crowd and left. Scripture Reference: Luke 4:14-30. Then Jesus, filled with the power of the Spirit, returned to Galilee, and a report about him spread through all the surrounding country. "About the midst of the feast Jesus went up into the temple, and taught." (John 7:14.) The congregation would begin by reciting the Shema, what amounted to the Jewish confession of faith. He stood up to read, and the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to him.". The fact that Jesus program was so strongly connected with synagogues by all four canonical evangelists is surely significant. Synagogue buildings were similarly designed with communal discussion in mind. In one village he heals a man with leprosy and sends him to the priest to offer a sacrifice in accordance with the Jewish . Why did Joseph and Mary take one day's time to realize that Jesus had been left behind at the Temple? In the time of Jesus in Israel the religious houses were called synagogues, and yes Jesus preached in these. He was drawn to His Father's House for good reason. Strikingly, the opinion of the public appears to have been instrumental in decision making in synagogue gatherings. Some believe it was about the time of the exile of the Jews to Babylon (607-537B.C.E. He . There is a similar event in the synagogue at Nazareth that happened at the end of Jesus' life. . at night.--Literally, in the days . ), a period when the temple of Jehovah lay in ruins. This one is at the beginning. Matthew 4:13 describes Jesus leaving Nazareth and settling in Capernaum; Mark 1:21-28 describes Jesus teaching and healing in the synagogue; Luke 4:16-37 describes Jesus teaching regularly in the synagogue, cf. Sermon series: God's Story, Part 3. This puts Jesus opponents to shame, while the whole crowd rejoices indicating an affirmative reaction to Jesus action and teaching. It is plausible that this tradition reflects a failure to persuade the synagogue assemblies of these Galilean towns to accept his proclamation and to repent in light of it. The synagogue at Nazareth, his hometown, rejects him (Mark 6:1-6; Matt 13:54-58). An entire change in pagan culture is what is at stake in this passage from Acts 19: "About that time (c. 56 AD) there arose a disturbance about the Way (early designation for Christianity). Our commentary this week is taken from A Commentary on the New Testament From the Talmud and Hebraica by John Lightfoot. Finally a sermon was given by a preacher. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The Pharisees acted as if God had created people so that he would have someone to keep the Sabbath, but Jesus clarified that God had given the Sabbath as a gift to the people he . The public is at first convinced by the elders who accused Susanna (v. 41), but after being directly addressed by Daniel (vv. They tried to throw him off of a cliff. When he was twelve years old, they went up to the Feast, according to the custom After three days they found him in the temple courts, sitting among the teachers, listening to them and asking questions. Ask a preacher to visit class and tell about the work he does. By the time of Jesus and the New Testament period, synagogues had become a common local fixture. One of the obvious differences in chronology between John's gospel and the 'Synoptics' (Matthew, Mark and Luke) is that John gives an account of Jesus in Jerusalem on four different occasions, two during a Passover ( John 2.13, 12.12 ), one during an unnamed festival . After he had been doing that for a while he decided to go back to the town of Nazareth. Together, the two events provide an instructive microcosm of the Galilean ministry as a whole. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. And as His custom was, He went into the Synagogue on the Sabbath day, and stood up to read. He taught in them (Matt. Verse Concepts. d. Women did not lead prayers in synagogues. : Motives and Arguments in Jesus Halakic Conflicts, WUNT 320 (Tbingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2013), 296-298; Anders Runesson, Entering a Synagogue With Paul: First-Century Torah Observance, in Torah Ethics and Early Christian Identity, ed. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2005), 172. Click here to download these illustrations and slideshow. Luke 4. Talk about the special things a preachers family does to help him: wife encourages, feeds, mends clothes, and takes care of children while he preaches.

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